Chemistry catalytic cracking help the student room. Our decision making is driven entirely by what is best for children. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Nov 14, 2017 gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. Please comment if you have any questions, and subscribe if you. We constantly focus on standards as we understand outcomes are paramount. Others such as branched and cyclic alkanes are added to the gasoline fraction obtained from the distillation of crude oil to enhance the octane rating. Shorter chain hydrocarbons are in greater demand, e. Cracking of hydrocarbons is covered before pupils are asked questions on the reasons for the process and how it is carried out. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. Alevel chemistry help lastminute alevel chemistry revision. Including equivalents to gcse see below it was 59%.
Cracking is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkenes. Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. Cracking oil fraction hydrocarbons to produce more useful products. Edexcel gcse history a the making of the modern world 2ha01.
Oxford open learnings history igcse online course is designed to prepare students for the edexcel igcse in history 4hi0 for examination in june 2012 or later years. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. The original site began way back in 1997 with gcse mathematics then english support. Outstanding gcse and a level chemistry resources tes.
Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a longchain of hydrocarbons into short ones. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 5 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. Edexcel gcse history a the making of the modern world 2ha01 inside this sample assessment materials pack youll fi nd. This is carried out to refine fuels and increase the yeild in petrolium refining. Would say that it can be controlled the temperatures which are used during catalytic cracking and the quantity of decane gases which is added. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. There is a greater demand for smaller hydrocarbons than larger ones.
You can find instructions for this experiment at resourceres00000681crackinghydrocarbons liquid paraffin. Cracking meaning types of cracking organic chemistry. The final three months before taking your gcse examination are very important in achieving your best grade. Pass the over a hot catalyst example of cracking cracking is a thermal decomposition reaction. Cracking is defined as a process, wherein complex organic molecules namely long chain hydrocarbons or kerogens are broken down into smaller molecules namely light hydrocarbons. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. The rate of catalyst greatly depends upon the factors such as the presence of catalyst and temperature. Assuming there is only one other product in each case, balance equations for 1. Kirk balk academy is a member of the northern education trust. So were going to split it up into the main topics you need to learn for gcse, namely alkanes, alkenes and and the cracking of crude oil. Other articles where thermal cracking is discussed. Dec 01, 2012 in 2011 53% of pupils in the state sector achieved five or more gcse ac grades including english and maths. There are 16 triangles with 18 pairs of questions and answers that make a parallelogram. Give the total mass of products formed if 17 g of decane is cracked in this way.
However, we relaunched the physics pages before the summer 2002 exams. This guidance is intended to help awarding organisations understand how to comply with the gcse. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Support the guardian available for everyone, funded by readers contribute subscribe contribute. I really dont understand how to answer this chemistry question could someone please explain the method i would use to work out the answer ethene, c2h4 is one product of cracking decane, c10h22. Cracking is the process whereby long and medium chain hydrocarbons are heated and break apart giving short chain alkanes, alkenes and hydrogen. C2h5oh has a hydroxyl group oh, that is why it is written in that way to underline this group. Cracking converts long chain hydrocarbons into short chain hydrocarbons. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. Ch 4 methane c 2 h 6 ethane c 3 h 8 propane c 4 h 10 butane c 5 h 12 pentane c 6 h 14 hexane c 7 h 16 heptane c 8 h 18 octane c 9 h 20 nonane. Try not to spend valuable time on topics you already know. After the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand. Dec 31, 2015 summary video on cracking for gcse chemistry.
Powerful microscopes meant pasteur could observe the growth of small organisms. By doing this we enhance the life chances of the children and young people in our care. The first thermal cracking process for breaking up large nonvolatile hydrocarbons into gasoline came into use in 19. Decane is cracked to produce octane for petrol and ethene for ethanol. Aqa gcse chemistry common reactions flashcards quizlet. Also in the 1920s, french chemist eugene houdry improved the cracking process with catalysts to obtain a higheroctane product. Cracking also produces alkenes which are used in making polymers and ethanol. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. History igcse online distance learning course syllabus. Igcse history online distance learning oxford open learning. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes.
Cracking a problem of supply and demand, more of the right fuels and other products. The cracking products, such as ethene, propene, buta1,3diene and c 4 alkenes, are used to make many important chemicals. An example of this process is shown below, where the cracking of decane produces an alkene and an alkane as products of the reaction. Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. Cracking definition of cracking by the free dictionary.
Some of the large hydrocarbons the heavier fractions are broken down into more useful smaller hydrocarbons lighter fractions by a process known as cracking. It is the principal industrial method for producing lighter alkenes olefins, including ethene or ethylene and propene or propylene figure 3. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. Decane is catalytically cracked to produce octane for petrol and ethene for ethanol. Cracking of hydrocarbons involves thermal decomposition. Doc browns gcseigcseo level ks4 sciencechemistry revision notes oil, useful products, environmental problems, introduction to organic chemistry. The lack of credentials for the vast majority of young people led to the introduction of the cse certificate of secondary education in the early 1960s. This is a fun gcse chemistry tarsia for revision of cracking hydrocarbons. Gcse chemistry what is the chemistry of the cracking of. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
I suggest that the a4 tarsia is printed on card and then the outline is cut out. May 16, 2017 a fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil. Cracking and alkenes gcse chemistry single science revision. Start studying aqa gcse chemistry common reactions. This collection sets out rules, regulations and associated guidance for gcses graded 9 to 1. Rules, regulations and guidance for gcses graded 9 to 1. Gcse chemistry revision covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single covalent bonds, alkenes, double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. It is caused by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds. Cracking is the process of breaking large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones. Accessible papers to help you and your students prepare for the assessment clear and concise mark schemes to let you know what the examiners are looking for supported controlled assessment. The starter is a data analysis activity that links in to the leaning objective. Among several variants of thermal cracking methods variously known as the shukhov cracking.
Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. To download the pdfs attached to this resource, plus access to a wealth of other online resources from podcasts to articles and publications, support and advice though our how to, examination and transition to university guides and careers resources, join the ha today. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. Preparing for the exam gcserevision, history, historyexam. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. Go through the list of topics in your examination boards specification and identify those that you feel you need to concentrate on. Students can then quickly cut out the individual triangles. Gcse history paper 1 understanding the modern world. In this series of podcasts dr tim lomas offers some advice and suggestions for tackling the gcse history exam. Cracking is conducted at high temperatures, by two processes.
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